每次读到路十27节：”你要尽心 (Heart)、尽性(Soul)、尽力(Strength)、尽意(Mind) 爱主－你的神，又要爱邻舍(Neighbours)如同自己“时，我都以为自己看懂了。其实，老实说我们对于这些时常在圣经中出现，形容人性的词汇，如“心”、“灵”、“心思”、“灵魂”等都非常的陌生和摸不着头脑。
1. 无论你关心的是什么，你必须先了解它
“Understanding is the basis of care. What you would take care of you must first understand,… if you would care for your spiritual core - your heart or will- you must understand it. That is, you must understand your Spirit” (23页，1段）
2. 挑战： 当代对于“人的本性”问题的激烈争辩, 和与圣经对于人性的教导是背道而驰的。
It is the academic that today governs the idea systems of our world and opposes traditional views of human nature— specifically, the Judeo-Christian or biblical understanding of human life....say that there is no such thing as human nature, or that human beings do not have a nature.
(24页，5-6段）
a. 基督徒对于“人性”的课题必须要具体了解，要不然我们谈什么属灵生命的重塑和成长，都会显得空洞和缺少真实性。
We must deal with it if we are to have anything useful to say about spiritual formation and about the spiritual life that Jesus brings. Otherwise what we say will have no relation to the concrete existence of real human beings。 (25页，2段）
b. 我们的周遭和主流思维对于人性存有强烈的偏见，认为人只是物质，本质上人就像张白纸，是社会的建构才限制人，把人分男女、黑白、黄红。
It is a field where strongly armed prejudices— assumptions about what must be the case, “don’t bother me with facts”—…human being is purely physical, just an animal—…human beings do not actually have a nature and that all classifications of them (25页，3-4段）
（2017正月的《National Geographic》杂志封面论文为“性向的革命”，再次证明这种思维的影响力和普遍性）
c. 作者邀请我们回到犹太／希腊－基督教的传统来认识人的本性。 只有这样我们才能排除当今所形成的偏见。
3. 心 (灵、意志）－人类的指挥中心
这里的心不是指我们的心脏，而是指属灵的心。我们心脏对于我们身体的重要，可以类比我们心灵对于我们生命的重要。
b. 心，是为整个人作决定，作选择的地方，这就是他的功能。
The human heart, will, or spirit is the executive center of a human life. The heart is where decisions and choices are made for the whole person. That is its function. (27页，2段）
c. 这中心可以三个词来形容，他们指的是同样的东西，这是你我最基本的成分。
心 Heart ： refers to its position in the human being, as the center or core to which every other component of the self owes its proper functioning. Heart suggests location and vital function.
意志 Will ： refers to that component’s power to initiate, to create, to bring about what did not exist before. Will represents the ability to choose to live inside or outside God’s kingdom.
灵 Spirit ： refers to its fundamental nature as distinct and independent from physical reality. This term suggests unbodily personal power. (26页，2段）
4. 人的六个基本面向
When we take a closer look at the whole person, we find that there are six basic aspects in our lives as individual human beings— six things inseparable from every human life. These together and in interplay make up “human nature.” (28页，1段）
a. 理想的基督徒属灵生命：
The ideal of the spiritual life in the Christian understanding is one where all of the essential parts of the human self are effectively organised around God, as they are restored and sustained by him.
… the process leading to that ideal end, and its result is love of God with all of the heart, soul, mind, and strength, and of the neighbour as oneself. (28页，3-4段）
b. 理清一些概念 ：整体和部分的互相联系
They have parts, these parts have properties, which in turn make possible relationships between the parts to form larger wholes, which in turn have properties that make possible relationships between larger wholes, that form still larger wholes, and so on. This basic structure of created reality applies to everything (29页，4段）… what the human being is, it is simply a whole of a certain kind, consisting of parts with properties and functions that give rise to the properties and functions of whole persons. (30页，2段）
c. 整体“分析单位”是整个人，六个“面向”是人性的部分，也是人类独特的能力范围。
life— the “unit of analysis” for our study— is the whole person in its social and spiritual context. The six “aspects,” as we have called them, are distinct ranges of abilities, or things all human beings— but not squirrels or brussels sprouts— can and must do (30页，3段）
d. 六个面向的初步介绍 (31页－39页）-这几页值得读两遍，作者将会接下来用一个面向一个单元来继续探讨。
i。思想（mind）
ii。感觉（mind）
iii。意志（心，灵）
（讲到意志和试探：Without the inner “yes” there is no sin, for only that “yes” (or “no”) is just us. The thought of sin is not sin and is not even a temptation. Temptation is the thought plus the inclination to sin— possibly manifested by lingering over the thought or seeking it out. But sin itself is when we inwardly say “yes” to the temptation, when we would do the deed, even though we do not actually do it.） (33页，2段）
iv。身体 （body）
v。社交情境 (social)
vi。灵魂 （soul)
灵魂的功能就是人生命的统合（相反，就是分割）的最深邃层面；救恩的整个对象，就是人的灵魂。 (30页，3段）
我们可以把灵魂类比成一个衔接整个公司运作的电脑系统 ： The soul is somewhat like a computer that quietly runs a business or manufacturing operation and only comes to our attention when it malfunctions or requires some adaptation to new tasks. It can be significantly “reprogrammed,” and this too is a major part of what goes into the spiritual formation (re-formation) of the person. (39页，3段）
灵魂和心（意志，灵）： for all of the soul’s vastness and independence, the tiny executive center of the person— that is, the spirit or will— can redirect and re-form the soul, with God’s cooperation. It mainly does this by redirecting the body in spiritual disciplines and toward various other types of experiences under God. (39页，5段）
5. 了解人的行动： 总是在六个面向互相影响下而产生的。 行动不是单由意志产生的结果，我们时常给予意志不实际的期待，导致对自己未能改变而失望。
Action never comes from the movement of the will alone. Often..what we do is not an outcome of deliberate choice and a mere act of will, but is more of a relenting to pressure on the will from one or more of the dimensions （面向) of the self. The understanding of this is necessary for the understanding and practice of spiritual formation, which is bound to fail if it focuses upon the will alone. (42页，1段）
以肉体为念的生命，其控制次序 ： 身体->灵魂->心思->心->神
以圣灵为念的生命，其控制次序 ： 神->心->心思->灵魂->身体 （重生的生命）
the body serves the soul; the soul, the mind; the mind, the spirit; and the spirit, God. Conversely, the life “from above” flows from God throughout the whole person, including the body and its social context. (44页，4段）
c. 顺服神的生命，就像是一间有合一，有效率和健康运作的公司。
这公司的老板是神，它的执行长就是人的心灵（灵、意志），配合个个部门经理（思考更新的研究部、身体力行的劳动部、感情为重的人事部、和社交沟通部）的合作，加上衔接整个公司的电脑资讯部，形成了合作无间的梦幻团队。公司的业务搞得欣欣向荣、兴旺发达。
d. 基督徒与以色列：你可能会问作者为什么要把基督徒的属灵重塑与以色列的历史来做类比，其用意？ 我认为作者透过陈述以色列进入应许之地的历史，帮助我们看到我们得救、重生和继续踏上属灵重塑的过程里，神的恩典与我们的努力之间积极的互动关系。
What was then true of the Promised Land of the Israelites was then and is now true of individual human beings who come to God. The Israelites were saved or delivered by grace just as surely as we are. But in both cases “grace” means we are to be, and are enabled to be, active to a degree we have never been before. Paul’s picture of grace is, “And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that always having all sufficiency in everything, you may have an abundance for every good deed” (2 Corinthians 9: 8) (47页，2段）
（恩典，使人在本质上、能力上得着前所未有的活泼生命，这恰与被动相反）
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